In the wild, survival is a relentless battle—predators lurk, diseases spread, and injuries can mean death. But nature sometimes reveals unexpected acts of kindness, even between the most unlikely creatures. A fascinating example is sick birds seeking out ants. They do not eat them but use them as healers.

This bizarre behavior, known as “anting,” has puzzled scientists for decades. Birds, from crows to sparrows, deliberately let ants crawl over their bodies. They sometimes pick them up and rub them into their feathers. But why?

The Mystery of Anting: Medicine or Pest Control?

Researchers have proposed several theories to explain why birds engage in anting:

1. Ants as Natural Insecticides
   • Many ants secrete formic acid, a compound that can kill parasites like mites and lice.
   • By letting ants crawl on them, birds may be using them as a natural pest repellent.
2. Feather Maintenance and Skin Care
   • The formic acid might help condition feathers, keeping them flexible and waterproof.
   • Some birds even crush ants and smear them on their skin, possibly to soothe irritations.
3. Intoxication or Pleasure?
   • A controversial theory suggests that the formic acid might have a mild intoxicating effect, making the experience pleasurable for birds.
   • However, this is less scientifically supported than the medicinal explanations.

How Do Birds “Use” Ants?

Birds exhibit two main types of anting:

• Active Anting: The bird picks up ants in its beak and rubs them directly onto its feathers.
• Passive Anting: The bird lies on an anthill, spreading its wings and letting the ants swarm over its body.

Some birds even use substitutes—like cigarette butts or citrus peels—suggesting they’re seeking specific chemicals for self-medication.

A Sanctuary in the Wild?

Could ants be providing a hidden sanctuary for sick or parasite-ridden birds? Observations show that birds with heavy mite infestations are more likely to engage in anting. This behavior supports the idea that anting is a deliberate survival strategy.

Conclusion: Nature’s Unexpected Pharmacy

The relationship between birds and ants is a stunning example of nature’s ingenuity. In a world where survival is often brutal, these tiny insects may provide relief. They serve as an unexpected source for their winged neighbors.

Next time you see a bird sprawled on the ground near an anthill, don’t assume it’s injured. It might just be getting a much-needed ant spa treatment!